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ASTM D2574
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Quick understanding about test
ASTM D2574: 2016 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145)
- Klebsiella aerogenes (ATCC 13048)
- Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 27328)
- The test involves preparing paint samples with and without biocides, inoculating them with specified microbial strains, and incubating them for up to 7 days. Samples are monitored for microbial growth and changes in physical properties.
- Ensures microbial resistance and product quality.
- Prevents product recalls and damage from microbial contamination.
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Abstract
ASTM D2574 test standard
ASTM D2574 test conditions
The standard mentions specific test conditions to ensure consistency and reliability of results. Paint samples are incubated at a constant temperature of 30°C ± 2°C for a fixed period. All environmental parameters, including humidity, exposure to light, and inoculation with microbes, are strictly controlled to simulate the conditions at the time of storage as closely as possible. Samples are periodically checked for microbial growth, changes in physical properties, and spoilage during the testing phase.
ASTM D2574 test requirements
For the antimicrobial paints test, the fomulation must be prepared with consistency to ensure reliability in testing. The samples reflect both the control groups that are not treated with biocides and samples treated with different concentrations of biocides. This allows for a comparative analysis of the test samples and the controls at similar testing conditions. Test paints must be correctly labeled, indicating concentration levels of biocide or any other chemical substances present in the paint.
To ensure accuracy, testing must be carried out in a clean and aseptic environment to prevent external contamination which could lead to discrepancies in the results.
Test Organisms
Organisms typically used for testing include Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), MRSA (ATCC 33591), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 10708), Candida albicans (MTCC 3017), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888).
ASTM D2574 test methodology
- Sample preparation: Paint samples are prepared containing the biocides (test samples) or without biocides (control samples) and placed in sterile containers.
- Inoculation: A specified amount of specific bacterial strains is added to the paint samples.
- Incubation: The inoculated samples are incubated at 30 ± 2°C for up to seven days.
- Observation: During the incubation period, the samples are regularly inspected to check for physical and chemical changes such as pH value, loss of viscosity, and presence of foul smell.
- Assessment: After the incubation, the samples are rated based on the extent of microbial contamination, using a rating system to quantify the degree of spoilage.
Efficacy rating scale
Rating | Description |
0 | No bacterial recovery. |
1 | Trace of contamination (1 to 9 colonies) |
2 | Light contamination (10 to 99 colonies). |
3 | Moderate contamination (>100 distinct colonies). |
4 | Heavy contamination (continuous and indistinguishable smears of colony growth) |
Importance of ASTM D2574 antimicrobial paints test
The test provides critical inputs about the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents in emulsion paint. The test helps manufacturers evaluate the efficacy of preservatives in comparison to other preservatives and select the most effective preservative for their paint products. This, in turn, allows manufacturers to ensure the quality and longevity of their products.
Compliance and industry standard for ASTM D2574 test procedure
The ASTM is a benchmark standard that meets the requirements set by various regulatory bodies for the safety and stability of paints. Manufacturers who comply with this standard can be assured that their paints are resistant to microbial contaminations and safe for storage and use. Compliance with this standard also provides a reliable metric for customers to identify high-quality paints with robust microbial resistance.
Strengths of ASTM D2574 test standard
1. In-depth assessment
The standard provides a comprehensive evaluation detailing how well a paint formulation can resist microbial contamination.
2. Standardization
It’s a globally accepted standard that ensures uniformity of testing methods in various laboratories and manufacturers.
3. Objective analysis
The rating scale allows for an objective comparison between various paint samples and formulations.
4. Flexibility
It allows the testing of multiple microbial strains and various concentrations of biocides.
Benefits of ASTM D2574
- Ensures product quality: Manufacturers can offer products with guaranteed quality by identifying paints that are resistant to microbial spoilage.
- Helps select effective biocides: The test assists in the selection and optimization of antimicrobial agents in paint formulations.
- Enhances shelf life: Tested paint products are likely to have higher shelf lives thus ensuring customer satisfaction.
- Prevents financial losses: Ensures that effective preservatives are used, thereby minimizing the risks of product recalls and bans due to spoilage.
Conclusion
The importance of this test in the paint industry cannot be understated as it provides a methodological approach to evaluate the resistance of emulsion paints against microbial attack. Undertaking the test will be beneficial in proving the efficacy of paints and supporting regulatory compliance, thus streamlining the product approval process.
At Microbe Investigations Switzerland, we offer comprehensive testing services adhering to ASTM D2574, ensuring that your paint products meet the highest standards of microbial resistance. Partner with us to guarantee the stability and quality of your paints. Contact our experts today to learn more!
Frequently Asked Questions
DR. Martinoz Scholtz
ASTM D2574 is an antimicrobial efficacy test that determines the resistance of emulsion paints containing biocides from microbial deterioration.
The test is applicable for emulsion paints.
The test takes 2-3 weeks to complete.
At Microbe Investigations Switzerland we perform the test using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352), MRSA (ATCC 33591), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 10708), Aspergillus niger (ATCC-16888), Candida albicans (MTCC 3017).
Industries involved in the manufacturing and distribution of paints, coatings, and emulsions widely use this standard.
This standard is specifically designed for emulsion paints and does not typically cover adhesives. However, similar testing protocols like ASTM D4783 can be applied to assess the microbial resistance of adhesive products.
No, this test method is intended for water-based (emulsion) paints and not solvent-based products.
The limitations include its scope of applicability as it applies only to emulsion paints.
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