Feline calcivirus is a highly contagious viral pathogen that causes upper respiratory infections in cats. It belongs to the family Caliciviridae, which is a family of small, non-enveloped RNA viruses. The Caliciviridae family includes several other viruses that infect a wide range of animals, including humans.

Interesting Feline Calcivirus Facts You Must Know

• Feline calicivirus (FCV) was first discovered in 1956 by Fastier. Since its initial discovery, FCV has been found to be a widespread and common virus among domestic cats worldwide.

• While FCV does not infect humans, they can spread viral pathogens to their pet cats by unknowingly coming in contact with contaminated surfaces.

• Feline Calcivirus can remain viable on inanimate surfaces and in the environments, particularly damp and cool conditions for several days.

• Virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCVe is a newly recognized variant that causes severe systemic disease with high mortality rate among affected cats. 

• Due to its high prevalence and ability to cause severe complications, Feline Calicivirus has become a significant concern for cat owners, breeders, and veterinarians. 

• Regular monitoring, proper hygiene, and appropriate management practices are essential for controlling the spread of FCV in cat populations.

Also Read: Top Facts about Norovirus

Causes of Feline Calicivirus

 Here are some common causes and risk factors associated with feline calicivirus:

• Direct contact with an infected Cat’s saliva, nasal discharge, or urine

•  Contaminated objects, such as food bowls or litter boxes

• Surfaces contaminated by an infected cat’s sneezing or drooling

Furthermore, In multi-cat households, animal shelters, or catteries, healthy cats are more susceptible to Feline calicivirus infection.

Symptoms of Feline Calcivirus

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infected cats undergo an incubation period of 2 – 10 days before symptoms appear.

Severity and duration of symptoms can vary among infected cats. In some cases, cats experience mild symptoms that resolve on their own, while few of the cases may develop more severe and prolonged illness. 

 Here are some common symptoms associated with feline calicivirus:

• Sneezing
• Excessive drooling (hypersalivation)
• Nasal discharge
• Congestion
• Coughing
• Eye discharge or conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)
• Difficulty in breathing
• Ulcers or sores on the tongue, gums, or lips
• Loss of appetite
• Chewing on one side of the mouth
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Swollen or bleeding gums
• Difficulty in eating or swallowing
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Weight loss
• Lameness or limping (less common)

In most cases, cats infected with FCV may not show any symptoms (asymptomatic carriers) but can still transmit the virus to other cats. If you suspect that cat is showing any concerning signs, it is advisable to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Also Read: Adenovirus: Facts, Symptoms & Prevention

Prevention and Control Measures for Feline Calcivirus

It can be challenging to control the spread of Feline Calcivirus because of its contagious nature. To prevent and control the spread of feline calicivirus, the following measures are recommended – 

Vaccination – Vaccination is crucial for preventing FCV infections. Though, it does not protect entirely from infection but reduces the risk of severity if infection is contracted.

Hygiene practices – The virus can remain viable on surfaces, objects, and in the environment, even after the infected cat has left the area. Choosing disinfectants that have virucidal activity against FCV can help to eliminate the virus.

Quarantine and testing – Quarantine and testing are important measures in the prevention and control of FCV in catteries and shelters. Infected cats must be isolated from healthy animals. Also, new cats introduced to shelters must be tested for FCV and quarantined for a few weeks to ensure they are not carrying FCV or other contagious diseases. 

Veterinary care – Regular veterinary check-ups are important to monitor your cat’s health and detect any signs of illness early on. Prompt veterinary care is essential if your cat shows symptoms of FCV.

Uses of Feline Calcivirus Microorganisms at MIS lab

MIS provides comprehensive testing services to industries engaged in the development and innovation of antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal/yeasticidal products. Our suite of services encompasses a wide range of testing procedures which are compliant with international standards.

To evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic and disinfectant products, we employ Feline Calcivirus as a test microorganism. Our testing methods include EN 14675, ASTM E1053, EN 16777 etc.

Our specialized laboratories are equipped with state-of-the-art facilities to analyze product performance and maintain detailed records of test results. We place a strong emphasis in delivering quality services within the designated timeframes.

For any specific requirements for antiviral testing methods, reach out to us today.